08.04.2021

Form 9

Hello, boys and girls.

The topic of our today`s lesson is “Scotland – the land of Mountains”. We are going to learn new words, read the text and discuss some information about this country.

 “He, who has not seen Scotland, does not really know Great Britain”.

(The Scottish saying)

1.     Read and translate the text

SCOTLAND

1.     General Information

Population: 5,254,800.

Area: 78,387 square kilometers.

Capital: Edinburgh (with population about 495,360 residents).

Scotland is a country that is a part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Chanel and the Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands incusing the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

On 9% of the total population of the UK lives there. Most of the population in concentrated in an industrial area located in the central part of the country.

Scotland is divided into the three natural regions: the Southern Uplands, the Central Lowlands, the Highlands and islands.

2.     Regions

The Highlands, occupying the northern part of the country of two mountain ranges running roughly northeast-southwest, the Grampian Mountains and the Northwest Highlands. Both these are extremely erodes and rounded.

The roughest territory lies along the west coast, where numerous mountains reach elevations reach elevations of 900 to 1,200 m. Great Britain`s highest peak is Ben Nevis (1,343 m). The eastern coast is comparatively.

Throughout the Highlands there are a lot of valleys, called glens. The Great Glen, known also as Glen More, is a narrow, lake-studded valley stretching from coast to coat. Most of the highland region, especially its treeless, is thinly populated.

The Southern Uplands are situated between the lowlands and the English border. They consist mainly of gently rounded hills. Elevations in several locations exceed 2,500 feet (760 m). Grassy moors, used extensively for grazing, called much in this part of Scotland.

As well as the mainland, Scotland has some 790 islands. Its coastline is 16,500 km long, or about 8% of the total coastline of Europe. Some 97 of Scotland`s islands are inhabited, by a total of just under 100,000 people.

3.     Water

The Clyde, which flows through Glasgow to the Atlantic Ocean, is Scotland`s river, for it provides a major waterway through the industrial heat of the country. Almost all the other principal rivers flow to the North Sea, mainly from the Highlands.

Among them are the Spey, the Tay, the Forth, and the Tweed rivers. Lakes, known as lochs, abound in the Highlands. Some of them, especially Loch Lomond, have been made famous by Scottish literature and legends. Loch Ness, a deep, narrow lake in the Greet Glen, is reputedly the home of a sea monster.

Numerous bays, sounds, and long, narrow arms of the sea, also called lochs, indent the Scottish coast, particularly the island-studded west coast. There are also broad river estuaries, or firths; the most notable are the Firth of Clyde, Firth of Forth, Firth of Tay, Moray Firth, and Solway Firth.

4.     Climate

Scotland lies some 600 to 1,200 km farther north than the most northerly point in the United States, excluding Alaska.

Its climate, however, is moderate because of the tempering of the ocean. Except in the high mountains, temperatures average about 2^oC to 4^oC in January and 13^oC to 16^oC in July. Rarely is the weather either very hot or cold.

Rains, drizzles, mists, and long cloudy periods make Scotland one of the most humid and overcast parts of Britain.

In general, precipitation increases from east to west – from less than 25 inches (635 mm) annually on some parts of the east coast to more than 150 inches (3,810 mm) in the high western mountains.

Most of the country, however, receives from 35 to 65 inches (890 to 1,650 mm), depending on location. Except in the loftiest parts of the Highlands, snows are light and infrequent.

2. Matching parts of the sentences.

1. Scotland occupies the northern …    2. Most of the population is concentrated …    3. The Highlands consist largely …    4. Throughout the Highlands …    5. The Great Glen, known also as Glen More …    6. The Southern Uplands are situated …

a) of two mountain ranges.    b) there are a lot of valleys, called glens.    c) between the lowlands and the English border.    d) third of the island of Great Britain.    e) in an industrial area located in the central part of the country.    f) is a narrow, lake-studded valley stretching from coast to coast.

3. Answer the questions.

1. What is the population of Scotland?

2. What is the capital of Scotland?

3. What part does Scotland occupy?

4. What does it share the border with?

5. What is it washed by?

6. How many islands, in addition to the mainland, does it constitute?

7. How many natural regions is Scotland divided into?

8. What part do the Highlands occupy?

9. Where are the Southern Uplands situated?

10. What is the chief river of Scotland?

11. Are the many lakes in Scotland?

Watch the video

Open your copybooks, write down today’s date and do the Ex.5, p.191.

Home task: speak about Scotland.

Good bye!

Good luck!